See aurrae on Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "sga",
"name": "People",
"orig": "sga:People",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Irish"
],
"word": "urrús"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "aurradus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "urra"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "urra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "aurrad"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "urra"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "urra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "urrad"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"air-",
"air-#Old_Irish"
],
[
"fo-",
"fo-#Old_Irish"
],
[
"rath",
"rath#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ernaid",
"ernaid#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*ɸratom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸratom"
],
[
"deorad",
"deorad#Old_Irish"
],
[
"aurrad",
"aurrad#Middle_Irish"
],
[
"aurrad",
"aurrad#Middle_Irish"
],
[
"deorad",
"deorad#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ráth",
"ráth#Old_Irish"
],
[
"aurrad",
"aurrad#Middle_Irish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "air-",
"3": "fo-"
},
"expansion": "air- + fo-",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸratom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸratom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "aurrad"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish aurrad",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "",
"3": "aurrae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish aurrae",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. It certainly begins with the prefixes air- + fo-, but the root to which they are added is unclear. Meyer suggests the root to be rath (verbal noun of ernaid (“to grant, bestow”)) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸratom), as it is with the near-antonym deorad (“outcast”), but this etymology would require the form aurrad, which is not attested until Middle Irish, to be older than aurrae and also leaves no explanation of why aurrae was formed. It is more likely that aurrae, which is attested earlier, is in fact the older form, and that later aurrad was re-formed under the influence of deorad.\nDIL mentions a proposal by D. A. Binchy that the root is ráth (“surety, guarantor”), a meaning that Middle Irish aurrad also has (but which is not attested for Old Irish aurrae); however, that is to be met with the same objections as Meyer’s derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aurrae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "aurrae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "n-aurrae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "aurrae m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "aurrae m",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish terms prefixed with air-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Irish terms prefixed with fo-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"native freeman (someone whose rights are protected by the clan and community)"
],
"id": "en-aurrae-sga-noun-MYgVg69P",
"links": [
[
"native",
"native"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"leader, chief"
],
"id": "en-aurrae-sga-noun-KEud9DLD",
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈau̯.re/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"D. A. Binchy"
],
"word": "aurrae"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Irish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Irish lemmas",
"Old Irish masculine nouns",
"Old Irish nouns",
"Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Old Irish terms prefixed with air-",
"Old Irish terms prefixed with fo-",
"Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Irish terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"sga:People"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"Irish"
],
"word": "urrús"
},
{
"word": "aurradus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "urra"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "urra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "aurrad"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "urra"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "urra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"word": "urrad"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"air-",
"air-#Old_Irish"
],
[
"fo-",
"fo-#Old_Irish"
],
[
"rath",
"rath#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ernaid",
"ernaid#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*ɸratom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸratom"
],
[
"deorad",
"deorad#Old_Irish"
],
[
"aurrad",
"aurrad#Middle_Irish"
],
[
"aurrad",
"aurrad#Middle_Irish"
],
[
"deorad",
"deorad#Old_Irish"
],
[
"ráth",
"ráth#Old_Irish"
],
[
"aurrad",
"aurrad#Middle_Irish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "air-",
"3": "fo-"
},
"expansion": "air- + fo-",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸratom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸratom",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "aurrad"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish aurrad",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "",
"3": "aurrae"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish aurrae",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. It certainly begins with the prefixes air- + fo-, but the root to which they are added is unclear. Meyer suggests the root to be rath (verbal noun of ernaid (“to grant, bestow”)) (from Proto-Celtic *ɸratom), as it is with the near-antonym deorad (“outcast”), but this etymology would require the form aurrad, which is not attested until Middle Irish, to be older than aurrae and also leaves no explanation of why aurrae was formed. It is more likely that aurrae, which is attested earlier, is in fact the older form, and that later aurrad was re-formed under the influence of deorad.\nDIL mentions a proposal by D. A. Binchy that the root is ráth (“surety, guarantor”), a meaning that Middle Irish aurrad also has (but which is not attested for Old Irish aurrae); however, that is to be met with the same objections as Meyer’s derivation.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sga-mutation",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aurrae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "pronounced with /h/ in h-prothesis environments",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "aurrae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"lenition",
"mutation"
]
},
{
"form": "n-aurrae",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"mutation"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{pl2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{pl3}}}",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{2}}}",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": "",
"var": ""
},
"expansion": "aurrae m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "aurrae m",
"name": "sga-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "sga-mutation"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"native freeman (someone whose rights are protected by the clan and community)"
],
"links": [
[
"native",
"native"
],
[
"freeman",
"freeman"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"leader, chief"
],
"links": [
[
"leader",
"leader"
],
[
"chief",
"chief"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈau̯.re/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"D. A. Binchy"
],
"word": "aurrae"
}
Download raw JSONL data for aurrae meaning in All languages combined (4.0kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nasalization'",
"path": [
"aurrae"
],
"section": "Old Irish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "aurrae",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.